10. Connexity of the NSTRT with the SRT

          According to the NSTRT the speed V included into Lorentz transformation equations from the SRT is not physically measurable speed of bodies or particles motion, but is only a parameter, depending upon the true (physically measurable) speed u according to formulae

u = V/(1 - V²/c_o²)^1/2, V = u/(1 + u²/c_o²)^1/2 . (15)

According to the NSTRT, the components of physically measurable velocity are the spatial components of 4-dimensional velocity from the SRT, and time component of 4-dimensional velocity from the SRT represents square-law dependence (5) existing in reality. Really, by inserting the first equality from (15) into the formula (5), we obtain the formula c_u = c_o/(1 - V²/c_o²)^1/2, which is none other than a fourth (time) component of the 4-dimensional velocity from the SRT.

At small speeds of light sources it is possible to neglect the square-law dependence (5), considering approximately that c_u = c_o, what means that Einstein's second postulate from the SRT (the law of independence of light speed on a light source speed) is valid only approximately.

          The majority of the SRT statements are also valid in the NSTRT (taking into account the formulae (15)). To statements of the SRT, remaining valid in the NSTRT together with formulae (15), we can ascribe, for example, the following statements:

- The events simultaneous in one reference frame are not simultaneous in another reference frame moving with respect to the first one.

- Formula (8) for dependence of body length in direction of movement on body speed: the greater the speed of the body is, the less is its length in direction of movement, if measured from that reference frame, with respect to which the body is moving.

- Invariance of Maxwell equations with respect to basic transformations of the theory.

- Dependence of a fundamental particle track curvature radius on particle speed and induction of cross magnetic field.

- The formula of Doppler effect for a wavelength of electromagnetic oscillations

- Dependence of a particle kinetic energy on speed of the particle motion

- Dependence of a particle total energy E on its rest energy E_o=m_oc_o² and momentum p.

- Formula for a particle impulse.

            But the NSTRT states that some previous scientific notions of the SRT should be swept aside as explicitly erroneous, as scientific fallacies. Just as such scientific notion as "phlogiston" was swept aside earlier. Among the notions of the SRT, which should be swept aside as explicit fallacies, the NSTRT lists the following notions:

a) Statement about time dilation in moving reference frames.

b) Statement about impossibility of motion (and interactions transmission) at a speed exceeding the speed of light in vacuum.

c) Statement about independence of a particle charge value upon the particle speed.

          11. Changes in the cosmological pattern of the world derived from the NSTRT

          The basic changes in the cosmological pattern of the world originating from the NSTRT are stipulated by square-law dependence (5) of light speed on light source speed. However small this dependence is at small speeds of light sources motion, but at vast astronomical distances to moving stars this dependence results in rather noticeable phenomena already known to astronomers for a long time. Owing to square-law dependence of light speed on light source speed two effects can be observed:

a) Effect of spatial grouping of light quanta radiated by a star moving at changing speed.

b) Effect of spatial deformation (dilatation or contraction) of a wave train relevant to light quantum, stipulated by movement of wave train beginning and wave train end at different speeds because of star motion at changing speed.

          Astronomical phenomena, which can be successfully explained (as computer simulation shows) by effect of spatial grouping of quanta radiated by a star moving at changing speed, are as follows: cepheid variable - stars periodically changing their luminosity; luminous arcs; novas - stars periodically flashing on that place of sky, where no bright astronomical object was observed before; supernovas of the I and the II types - stars flashing with such luminosity, which many times exceeds luminosity of novas; pulsars.

          Astronomical phenomena, which can be successfully explained by effect of spatial deformation of wave trains relevant to light quanta, are as follows: bursters of space X-rays and gamma-rays (effect of wave train contraction); "relict" radiation (effect of wave train dilatation); red shift of spectrums of far stars (effect of wave train dilatation); photometer paradox of Olbers, explaining why at night the sky is black (effect of wave train dilatation).

          Astronomical phenomenon, which can be successfully explained simultaneously by both effects (effect of spatial grouping of quanta and effect of spatial deformation of wave trains relevant to light quantum) is the SS-433 object.

So, some astronomical phenomena, which were explained by the Big Bang theory, now can be explained differently.

            12. Changes in the microcosm pattern derived from the NSTRT

The microcosm pattern basic changes derived from the NSTRT are stipulated by dependence of a particle charge on speed of its motion e = e_o/(1 + u²/c_o²)^1/2 and independence of mass on speed (m = m_o).  In the SRT charge value does not depend on speed (e = e_o), and mass depends on speed under the formula m = m_o/(1 - V²/c_o²)^1/2. But the charge to mass ratio in the NSTRT coincides with the charge to mass ratio from the SRT (taking into account the formulas (15) for interrelation between speed u  from the NSTRT and speed V from the SRT).

           Therefore all those formulas of the SRT, into which the charge to mass ratio (or any its power) enters, are valid in the NSTRT also. But those formulas of the SRT, into which the ratio of various powers of charge and mass enters, in the NSTRT have completely different appearance. For example, the formulas for energy losses of high-energy particles on braking radiation and on ionisation in the NSTRT will be completely different, than in the SRT. The cause consists in the fact that in the SRT particle charge does not depend on speed of particle motion, and in the NSTRT the particle charge depends on its speed u under the formula e = e_o/(1 + u²/c_o²)^1/2.

          The muons were discovered by C. D. Anderson and S. H. Neddermeyer in 1936 - 1938 in cosmic rays (see Neddermeyer S. H., Anderson C. D. Cosmic-ray particles of intermediate mass. // Physical Review. - 1938. - v.54. - p.88 - 89 ). The experiments carried out by them with an expansion chamber placed in magnetic field, have shown, that the majority of space particles on a sea level penetrate through considerable stratums of heavy substance (lead, platinum), losing energy only on ionisation of atoms of substance. It was impossible to identify these particles, possessing high penetrating ability, with protons. Because, if the particle had the mass of a proton, its speed calculated using radius of curvature of particle trajectory in cross magnetic field should result in such ionisation of gas along this particle trajectory in an expansion chamber, which should be many times greater than the ionisation really observed in the experiment.

          On the other hand, before creation of the new space-time theory it was also not possible to identify these high penetrating particles with electrons. It was stipulated by the fact, that from theoretical calculations based on the SRT, it followed, that the electrons of high energy should lose the main part of their energy on braking radiation. But the particles, possessing high penetrating ability, should not have noticeable losses of energy on braking radiation (otherwise they would not have high penetrating ability).

In the NSTRT the formula of losses of energy on braking radiation is

- dE/dx=2p²N z² e_o⁶/[3E_oh(u/c_o)⁵],

where (- dE/dx) are losses of particle energy along 1 cm of trajectory on a braking radiation at its motion through substance; N is a number of substance atoms nuclei in 1 cm³; ze_o  is the charge of an atom nucleus; E_o=m_oc_o² is rest energy of a particle, which emits braking radiation; m_o is a rest mass of this particle;  h  is Planck's constant; u  is speed of the particle motion according to the NSTRT.

          According to this formula  at increase of the superlight speed of a particle motion by one order (10 times) the losses of particle energy on braking radiation decrease by five orders (10⁵ times). Thereof the braking radiation for high-energy electrons (moving at speeds considerably exceeding the speed of light in vacuum c_o) becomes significantly smaller, than braking radiation of low-energy electrons. It also allows identifying high penetrating particles of cosmic rays in experiments of C. D. Anderson and S. H. Neddermeyer with high-energy electrons moving at superlight speeds.

            So, if particle charge depends upon particle speed, the "muon" does not exist and the particle, which was so named, is a superlight electron (or positron). But then the so-called "decay" of a muon, in the result of which an electron (or a positron) of smaller energy appears, is only a collision of a superlight electron (or a positron) with any nucleus of an atom of substance filling an expansion chamber or a bubble chamber. As a result of such collision a part of kinetic energy of a superlight electron (or a positron) is transferred to an atom nucleus. But then the so called "electronic neutrino" and "muonic neutrino", which are now considered the products of decay of a muon, disappear from among particles really existing in nature. In spite of the fact that the "neutrino" is considered to be "observationally discovered" in 1953, and its rest mass is considered to be "measured" in 1980.

          So, the dependence of charge upon speed allows to give the proof of absence in reality of a lot of fundamental particles, which existence today is considered observationally proved (muons, p-mesons, t -leptons, neutrinos etc.).

          In 1927 experiment C. D. Ellis and W. A. Wooster  have ostensibly discovered in calorimeter experiment (see C. D. Ellis, W. A. Wooster. The average energy of disintegration of Radium E // Proc. Roy. Soc. - 1927. - v. 117. - p. 109 - 123) a loss of energy released at beta decay of nuclei (ostensibly carried away by "neutrino").

          At first they have measured the total energy absorbed in a calorimeter for a particular time interval at beta decay of nuclei of radium-E (bismuth-210) atoms. Then they have calculated the quantity of the radium-E (bismuth-210) atoms nuclei, which have disintegrated during the same time interval, considering that the quantity of the nuclei disintegrating during a particular time interval is equal to the quantity of the electrons, which have flown out of radioactive substance during the same time interval. At that they have referred to an article written in 1924 by K. G. Emeleus (see Emeleus K. G. The number of b -particles from Radium E // Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc.- 1924. - v. 22.- p. 400 - 403).  And, at last, they divided this total energy absorbed in the calorimeter during a certain time interval by the quantity of electrons, which have flown out from beta-radioactive substance during the same time interval, considering that the quantity of electrons flown out from beta-radioactive substance is equal to the quantity of disintegrated nuclei.

          But in the 1924 article K. G. Emeleus obtained, that 1.43 electrons (on average) fly out from beta-radioactive substance per one atom nucleus decay. At that K. G. Emeleus has noted that the result obtained by him (on average 1.43 electrons fly out from radioactive substance per each decay of nucleus) can not have great accuracy. K. G. Emeleus stated also that according to an article published in 1914 by A. F. Kovaric and L. W. McKeehan (see Kovaric A. F., McKeehan L. W. Messung der Absorptich und Reflexion von b -Teilchen durch directer Zahlung // Physikalisch Zeitschrift.- 1914.-B.XV.- S. 434 - 440), the quantity of electrons equal to the quantity of disintegrated atoms nuclei should fly out from beta-radioactive substance. The fact, that in his experiment a greater quantity of electrons flying out from radioactive substance was detected, than the quantity of disintegrated atoms nuclei, K. G. Emeleus explained by reflections of electrons emitted in a direction opposite to the direction of the particles counter.

          But the 1914 experiment can be given an interpretation completely different from interpretation of 1914 and 1924, when the processes at irradiation of metal surfaces by streams of electrons were explored a little. Because today we know, that at irradiation of metal surface by electrons of sufficiently high energy a considerable quantity of secondary electrons is beaten out from this metal surface, on what the operation, for example, of photoelectric multipliers is based.

          The electrons of a beta decay of bismuth-210 nuclei have maximal energy of 1.17 MeV. Why the electron having such energy can not beat out from electronic shells of atoms of the radioactive substance some electrons, if for beating out one electron from an atom it is necessary to expend energy (ionisation energy of atom) only about 30 eV? You see, even in one atom of bismuth there are 83 electrons around a nucleus, from which the electron of beta decay flies out. And on trajectories of an electrons of beta decay (before they will leave the volume of radioactive substance) there will be not tens and even not thousands, but much greater quantity of atoms. Therefore a statement, that only primary electrons of beta decay born immediately in the acts of beta decay of nuclei fly out from beta-radioactive substance, looks untenable.

           But if each primary electron of beta decay beats out on its trajectory through radioactive substance some secondary electrons, a natural explanation without engaging a "neutrino" can be given to:

- Continuous energy distribution of beta decay electrons;

- Known experimental fact, mentioned by A. N. Murin (see Murin A. N. Physical basics of radiochemistry/ under edition of P. P. Seregin, Moscow, Higher school, 1971, p. 62), about dependence of a number of electrons, which are flying out from beta-radioactive substance, on the shape of radioactive substance;

- Numerical value of measured rest mass of "neutrino" (result of measuring is 30 eV) equal to ionisation energy of an atom.

            13. NSTRT as a key for solution of energy crisis problem

          At present time muon catalysis of nuclear fusion is not merchantable, because one muon can be a catalyst of nuclear fusion reactions between deuterium and tritium which output energy is of the order of 2 gigaelectronvolts (GeV), but for generation of one muon using a method recognised today (fixed target smashing by protons accelerated in a particle accelerator) we need an energy of at least 4 - 6 GeV.

          According to the NSTRT "muons" do not exist in nature, but electron  having an energy   not exceeding 0.2 GeV possesses all properties of a muon. That is why according to the NSTRT the generation of particles capable to serve as catalysts of nuclear fusion reactions between deuterium and tritium consists in acceleration of elecctrons up to an energy not exceeding 0.2 GeV, what is 10 times less the energy which can be obtained by means of one catalyst particle.

          So, if an experiment will confirm that electron with kinetic energy not exceeding 0.2 GeV can be the catalyst of nuclear fusion reactions between tritium and deuterium, which  energy output exceeds 2 GeV, then electron catalysis of nuclear fusion reaction will be merchantable. And this means that the NSTRT gives a key to the solution of the known   problem  of energy crisis stipulated by exhaustion on the Earth of fossile fuel (coal, oil, gas).

          14. Publications of the NSTRT

A. V. Mamaev "The essence of a new space-time theory making the special relativity theory more precise". Deposited in Russian in VINITI (Mosccow) on 03 November, 1990, No. 4861-B90.

Warnings are stated in the Next section