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Articles and Publication  Physics Theoretical physics ABOUT POSSIBILITY OF STATEMENT OF ONE “IMPOSSIBLE” PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE
ABOUT POSSIBILITY
OF STATEMENT OF ONE
“IMPOSSIBLE” PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE
© Albert
Goldstein
Contact to the author:
AlbertGoldstein.A.G@gmail.com
A BRIEF COMMENTARY
The purpose
of the proposed experiment consists of experimentally confirming the absence of
the so called “first-order effects” in the problem of isotropy of the speed of
electromagnetic perturbations propagation in quasi-inertial of reference systems.
As is known, up to now by all possible of
physical experiments on the determination of isotropy of speed of the
electromagnetic perturbations propagation only the absence of the “second-order
effects” was experimentally proved with enough strictness. But, inasmuch as
exactly the strict physical experiment is the decisive instance for any physical
theories, however persuasive they seemed, it’s obvious that the performance of
the proposed experiment is fully justified.
The main idea
of the proposed experiment is that under performance of this
experiment there is no need in synchronizing the clocks of observation points (matching
of their time counting start). That was always the stumbling block for such kind
experiments.
If we let’s distract from the non-principle
particulars in the proposed experiment, which however are highly important for
its professional evolution and which therefore are expounded in enough details
in its description, then the main idea of the proposed experiment can be
represented by the simple problem:
There are given two points A and
B, in which watch reading by now means coordinated (it's not required to match
their time counting start), but the speed of the motion of the watches is strict
identical in both points. The first car is leaving point A at tA1
local time of point A, and it arrives to the point B at tB1
at local time of point B. In some time, namely at tA2 at
local time of point A the second car is leaving point A, and it arrives to point
B at tB2 at local time of the point B.
Question:
Could car drivers, each of whom knows all
the data of the problem but didn’t have his own watch while driving, tell which
car was longer on the road and interval for how much longer when they meet at
the point B?
Answer:
Yes, they can! The formula of this answer will be as follows:
t = tA
- tB ,
where
tA
= (tA2 - tA1)
and tB = (tB2 - tB1)
Expressions
tA and tB are relative intervals of time of
individually the point A and individually the point B. They are absolutely
non-connected to with each other by the procedure of measurement.
It is obvious, that,
if t > 0, then the first car was longer on the road, but, if t <
0, then the second car was longer on the road. The absolute value t
itself shows the interval of time on which one car was longer on the route then
the other.
“Non-obviousness”
of the proposed approach to the solution of the problem is that for
determination of the difference in times of cars being on the road we were using
only relative limited intervals of time, which were determined by the local time
of each point, but not the absolute timing.
The solution of this elementary problem, that
does not deprive of some refinement, finally leads to theoretical substantiation
of the proposed fundamental physical experiment.
EXPERIMENT ON DIRECT ESTABLISHMENT
OF ISOTROPY OF THE SPEED OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PERTURBATIONS PROPAGATION IN
QUASI-INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEMS (DETERMINATION OF THE ABSENCE OF "FIRST ORDER
EFFECTS")
Description of Theoretical
Approach
INTRODUCTION
Beginning from the
famous experiment of Michelson - Morley with interferometer (examined
theoretically by J.Maxwell before), many physical experiments were
performed on the detection of anisotropy of speed of the electromagnetic
perturbations propagation in the quasi-inertial reference systems. But as it is
known, so far all the experiments, without exception, being logically
irreproachable from the theoretic point of view and correctly implemented,
permitted to detect in principally only the "second order effects" concerning B
parameter
B = V/C
(1)
where V - the speed of inertial reference
system, where the present experiment is conducted, relatively to some global
inertial reference system, connected with some all-embracing medium ;
C - the speed of electromagnetic disturbances
in the material vacuum, connected with the same medium.
In 1970 the work written by L. Brillouin "Relativity
reexamined" was published. There was into it convincingly shown that the
experiments on detection of the "second order effects" concerning B parameter,
in which the route of electromagnetic disturbances is closed within a reference
system connected with the observer, can't be assumed as sufficient in the
capacity of the direct experimental determination of isotropy of speed of the
electromagnetic perturbations propagation in quasi-inertial reference systems.
However in the work the author failed to offer the ideas of real alternative
experiments which can shed the light upon the discussed problem.
Along with it, it's known that the evident
alternative to the experiments on detection of the "second order effects"
concerning B parameter are the experiments on detection of the "first order
effects" concerning B parameter.
Nevertheless,
from such kind of experiments that were proposed so far not a single is perfect
with respect to all parameters, though a great number of attempts of proposal in
this direction were undertaken in due time.
Part of these attempts based on the research
of the phenomenon of refraction, interference, diffraction of light and other
phenomenon, reposed on wrong principal foundation. As it is known, H. A. Lorentz
had shown that in all these cases the absence of the "first order effects"
concerning B parameter, can be explained not only by general relativity, but by
the other alternative physical theories.
Other attempts, that
had the character of non-realized projects, were based on the schemes with
clocks located at certain distance from each other. In such schemes it was
assumed to determine the time of light pass the distance from one clock to the
other. Knowing the distance between the clocks, the light speed could be then
calculated. And inasmuch as in this case, the light ray route with respect to
the Earth isn't closed (the ray is coming from one point to the other, but
doesn't return to the first point again), then there was possible hope on the
detection of the "first order effects" concerning B parameter, connected
with the Earth movement in space, as the separate material object, and with it's
turning.
However, it's evident that for such
kind of experiments it’s necessary to have the clocks going absolutely alike in
both points, putting aside the other, more delicate, nuances. Along with it in
due time, A. Michelson had shown that the most exact methods of synchronization
of the clocks, located in different points, are in practice comes down to the
sending of electromagnetic signals from one point to another. Thus, taking into
account the clocks synchronization, the route of electromagnetic signals also
turned to be closed in these experiments, and we again have the "second order
effects" concerning B parameter.
So, up to now
the absence of "second order effects" concerning B parameter is experimentally
proved with enough strictness by all the possible physical experiments on the
determination of isotropy of speed of the electromagnetic perturbations
propagation. The successful work of the charged particle accelerator and other
physical devices, often mentioned as the examples confirming the isotropy of
speed of the electromagnetic perturbations propagation, also experimentally
proves absence of namely the "second order effects" concerning B parameter.
Absence of the "first order effects"
concerning B parameter can't be considered experimentally proven for the present
time, though it ensues from the physical theories, that are generally recognized
now, and many people imagine it as matter-of-course.
But, inasmuch as
exactly the strict physical experiment is the decisive instance for any physical
theories, regardless of their persuasiveness degree, it's obvious that the
performance of the perfect experiment on direct determination of the absence of
the "first order effects" concerning B parameter in the problem of isotropy of
speed of the electromagnetic perturbations propagation in quasi-inertial
reference systems is highly topical and justified one. Because there is a great
difference between the assertions: "this is concluded from the results of the
physical theory gave a good account of oneself", "this is the postulate of the
physical theory gave a good account of oneself" and the assertion "this is
experimentally proven ", and we should not forget about it, even fully believing
in the legitimation of one or another physical theory.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENT
In connection with mentioned above, the
painstaking analysis of the experiment with two clocks located at some distance
from each other, was made. It showed that under performance of this experiment
one can evade the clock synchronization (matching of their time counting start)
if the procedure of time measuring is somewhat changed itself and the impulse
laser is used as the source of electromagnetic disturbances.
As it will be shown below,
this modification of the experiment opens the possibility of unimpeachable
experimental testing of the real absence namely the "first order effects"
concerning B parameter for the electromagnetic disturbances in the
quasi-inertial reference systems.
DIAGRAM OF THE EXPERIMENT
Here: I. L. - impulse laser;
C. M. - corner mirror;
E. R. -
electronic recorder of the light impulses' movement in corresponding observation
point;
A. C. - atomic clock of corresponding
observation point.
From the point A to point B the
series of light pulses are sent, and emitted by the impulse laser. Along with it,
the A and B points are located at one parallel. Every point has the atomic clock
and electronic recorders of movement of the light impulses. Electronic
recorder of the point A fixes the time of sending of each light impulse - TAN
(N - the serial number of corresponding light impulse) and time of
reflexive light impulse - TKN by the clock of the point A.
Accordingly, the electronic recorder of the point B marks the times of arrival
of N-th light impulse - TBN - to the point B by the clock
of this point. Practically, not absolute time but only the times
intervals between two any light impulses are being sent from the point A,
and individually the time intervals between the same light impulses’ arriving to
the point B in the experiment proposed, are measured. Evidently, the
synchronization of atomic clocks of the points A and B is not necessary for such
measurements, because the measurements of these time intervals are not
procedurally connected with each other.
Actually, in this
case we simply measure the time "distances" between the light impulses of the
same series, which is nevertheless independently observed in each of two
considered points. Along with it, the time counting out is conducted by own
atomic clocks of every point.
Even it can be said,
that in the formal sense we build the time diagrams of high-accuracy of one and
the same series of light impulses from the position of each point of observation
separately. And each point can have it's own independent start of time counting.
However this fact has no importance for relative time correlation between the
elements of the time diagram already built for each point.
It should be
noted, that the fixation of time passing of serial light impulses through the
observation points by means of the electronic (in the instrument sense)
recorders can be made, suppose, by the front part of each of them.
The points of
observation A and B, located on the surface of the Earth, can be considered
practically immovable relatively to each other, for our measurements. Their
identical atomic clocks are in the same physical conditions (gravitation field,
temperature, etc.). Consequently, the speed of these atomic clocks' can be
assumed identical (at least, this speed will not depend on the "first order
effects" concerning B parameter).
The sense of the
proposed measurement procedure is following: if in the series of light impulses
sent from the point A, electronic recorder of the point A had fixed the time
interval TANM between some light impulses (Nth and M-th),
and electronic recorder of the point B had fixed the time interval TBNM,
between the same impulses arrived there, it is obvious that the value
TNM
= TANM - TBNM
(2)
will differ from zero only in the case when
one light impulse from the given pair was in movement between the A and B points
for a longer period than the other light impulse.
If the time interval
TANM is assumed, for example, equal to 6 hours the N-th
and M-th light impulses cover the distance between the A and B points under
different position of their movement lines in space from behind rotation of the
Earth. (Observation points we agreed to arrange at the same earth parallel).
Evidently, the value TNM
calculated for all-possible pairs of light impulses of certain series, can
serve as the direct criterion of absence of the "first order effects" concerning
B parameter, and thus the direct criterion of isotropy of speed of the
electromagnetic perturbations propagation in quasi-inertial reference systems,
inasmuch as it is equal to algebraic difference of times of pass by the light
pulses of chosen pair of the distance between the A and B points, as it can be
easily shown. Namely this time difference, and not the times themselves, is
important for the determination of absence of the "first order effects"
concerning B parameter in the experiment with two atomic clocks, located at
certain distance from each other.
It should be
noted that in the new interpretation of the experiment considered above, the
knowledge of accurate numerical value of distance between A and B points is not
required. This distance is approximately chosen only from the point of view of
the experiment allowance faculty and other practical reasons. Than the more the
indicated distance is, the higher is the allowance faculty of the experiment,
inasmuch as the difference of times of it's pass by the light impulses, which we
are interested in, increases in direct proportion to this distance.
However while conducting
the experiment under the scheme expressed by the formula (2) strict constancy of
distance between A and B points is very important for all the period of
conducting of experiment (during twenty-four-hour period). Along with it, under
the practical conducting of the experiment it is not observed because of global
earth mechanical processes (oscillations of the Earth’s crust, earthquakes,
tide, etc.). The difficulty indicated can be comparatively easily eliminated by
introduction of the indirect control over distance between the A and B points.
In order to do this, the time of pass by each light impulse of the considered
series of this distance there and back should be
measured by the clock of the point A (after
reflection from the corner mirror in the point B). We mark this time by - TKN.
The taking into account of so obtained control
time TKN for each of the pair of considered light impulses
of the given series, permits to exclude from the formula (2) the difference
between the time intervals TANM and TBNM,
stipulated for by the earth global mechanical processes.
Evidently,
the semi-difference of the control time of two considered light impulses of the
given series characterizes the difference between the times of pass by each of
these light impulses distance between the points A and B, made conditional by
the mechanical change in the distance within a period between the sending of
these light impulses (along with it, the presence of the "second order effects"
concerning B parameter is possible, but not the "first order effects" being of
interest for us).
If now we take into account the mentioned
above semi-difference of control times in the formula (2), than the new value of
time interval
TNM = TNM – 1/2(TKN
– TKM) (3)
will no longer depend on both the earth global
mechanical processes and on the other possible arbitrary mechanical changes in
the distance between the A and B points, taking place during the process of
conducting the experiment (during twenty-four-hour period). It also will not
depend on the "second order effects" concerning B parameter, what will permit to
single out the "first order effects" concerning B parameter in the pure form
from the experimental data obtained in the framework of conducting proposed
experiment.
Evidently, that if only one of the values T
from the formula (3) for certain pair of light impulses of series sent from the
point A to the point B during twenty-four-hour period, will differ from zero
within expected limits, it will say about the violation of isotropy of speed of
electromagnetic perturbations propagation in quasi-inertial reference systems,
because of availability of exceptionally the "first order effects"
concerning B parameter.
It should be noted, that for
stable detection of the anisotropy of speed of the electromagnetic perturbations
propagation (if it takes place of course) it is necessary for the atomic clocks
to have a precision up to 10-9 sec, during twenty-four-hour period.
It is following from the reason that the distance between the A and B points can
be assumed within a range 3-:-30 km, and supposed speed of the Earth in
relatively to some all-embracing hypothetical medium can (by the modern
evaluations) lie within 30-:-600 km/sec.
Thus, for the small values of B parameter,
that we have in the proposed experiment,
Tmax = L/(C-V)-L/(C+V) = 2L x B/[C x (1-B2)]
= (2 x 10-9 -:- 4
x 10-7) sec (4)
where L - the distance between points where
the atomic clocks are located.
Duration of light impulses can be selected
arbitrary in the present experiment. It is important only for the front part of
each light impulse not to exceed the minimum interval of time, which we should
fix (10-9 sec). Tempo of emission of light impulses by the impulse
laser can be selected from several minutes to several hours, depending on the
fact how complete picture of anisotropy of speed of the electromagnetic
perturbations propagation (if it is available) we want to obtain.
It should be especially noted, that the
established above practical independence of the proposed experiment on the
arbitrary slow mechanical changes of the distance between the observation
points, taking place in it's conducting, permits to use for this purpose two
Earth satellites located at certain distance from each other at the same orbit.
In this case the route of light impulses will take place in deep vacuum, and the
results of experiment will be obtained in the so-called "pure" form. Besides, in
this case the distance between A and B points can be selected considerably
larger, than that on the Earth surface. It will greatly increase the precision
of experiment. Along with it, the orientation of the satellite orbits' plane can
be the most optimally selected from the position of the proposed
experiment.
In conclusion, we should
underline that the exchange of information about the one’s own measurements of
time for each point, made between them and other
receivers, doesn't depend on any physical measurements. So it is evident that it
can't somehow influence on the results of the experiment.
Publishing date: June 1, 2009
Source: SciTecLibrary.ru
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