THE ENERGETIC ASPECT OF NEWTON'S FIST LAW.

© Edmundas Jauniškis

Physicist

Contact to the author: Edmundas2007@gmail.com

 Is it Possible to See Isaac Newton’s Axioms from a Different Perspective?

Isaac Newton wrote his scientific work in the Latin language [1] used in the Middle Ages:

Lex I: Corpus omne perseverare in statu suo qiuescendi vel movendi uniformiter in directum, nisi quatenus a viribus impressis cogitur statum ilum mutare.

Newton’s first law translated in English: Every object persists in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by energies impressed on it.

However, the following question arises: why does an object investigated try to persist in its state of rest or move uniformly in a straight line? Unfortunately, this is not explained in any book on physics.

In his axiom, Newton makes the conditions of state of rest and moving uniformly in a straight line equal, i.e. considers them to be equivalent.

I understand : the rest is the state, but  the whatever moving  is the process with start and end!?

 How could we compare them in different ways?

I suggest to analyse Newton‘s first law from the energetic perspective:

1. When an object is in its state of rest, its external energy E_external=0.

2. When an object moves (or would move) uniformly in a straight line (practically speaking, such objects do not exist in nature), the external energy would be constant, E_external=const.

3. When an object is affected by the external energy, E_external>0.

Conclusion 1: There is a great difference between the state of rest and uniform rectilinear motion. When an object is in the state of rest, its external energy is equal to zero: E_external=0. When an object moves uniformly in a straight line, its external energy is larger than zero: E_external>0.

We also understand that when an object is affected by the external energy, its external energy is larger than zero, E_external>0.

Conclusion 2: from the physical-energetic point of view, the state, when an object moves (or would move) uniformly in a straight line, is equivalent to the movement of an object affected by the external energy, because in both cases E_external>0 is valid.

Conclusion 3: only two states exist: E_external=0 and E_external>0. External Energy exist or not.

Conclusion 4: the primary state (from the three mentioned above) should be considered the first one, when an object is in the state of rest. If we want an object to move uniformly in a straight line, it must get external energy from another object or the system of objects!

Now it is necessary to ascertain the fact that Newton’s first law isn’t totally accurate but rather too long. This situation is explained by the principle suggested by Okama: “When there is something which is a way too much, it must be rejected.”

Newton’s first law should be formulated as follows:

Every object tries to remain in its state at rest. An object changes its state of rest when an external energy affects it.

As seen above, the energetic analysis of Newton’s first law allows making it more concrete. Therefore, we can formulate the energetic version of Newton‘s first law: every object tempts to maintain its minimal external energy: E_external=0.

Why external energy is chosen? It is explained by the following statement: every object (including us) is restricted by its size and mass. Thus objects have internal energy E_internal. For this reason, an object tries to maintain its internal energy E_internal, its size as well as its mass. The smaller external energy E_external an object has, the more possible it becomes.

 Now the meaning of inertia becomes clear. For example, an object affected by other objects gets additional external energy E_external. (Practically speaking, in nature there are no such objects which are not affected by other objects). An object tries to give the redundant energy E_external by moving... It gives this energy away because it wants to return back to its previous position when E_external  =0. If an object has too little freedom in movement, the redundant energy E_external is passed on the internal energy of an object _Einternal.

Take a look at the following example: two different objects with opposite electricity charges attract each other, their charges become neutral, and their external energy decreases. Meanwhile, two objects with the same electricity charges push each other. On the contrary, their joint external energy increases.

In another experiment, different objects which are lifted up from the Earth and then are set free fall down because their external energy is the smallest one on the surface of the Earth.

An object is in the position with a minimal external energy E_external  =0.

Conclusion:

Newton called his scientific work Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. We can draw a conclusion that his way of thinking, as well as his scientific works were of a mathematical character. This is also proved by the fact that Newton discards the paremeters of objects, including mass, size and internal energy. Newton is Newton. However, does infinite rectilinear uniform motion exist in nature? The great physics considered space to be empty (rather than energetic). Newton made the movement absolute – he created a dogma.

According to Newton’s axioms, Leonard Eiler later created physics formula. These days the Russian physics Professor A. Smirnov has interpreted the axioms in a very interesting manner.

At the very beginning, in my opinion, Newton in his law wanted to indicate what is the reason of movement. Unfortunately, later he seeked to insure himself and, being a mathematician, decided to add the uniform movement in a straight line to his axiom. When the state of rest and the uniform movement in a straight line are analysed right now, it is clearly seen that the first state is only the condition of an object, while the second one is the process which has the beginning and the end.

All the suggestions about “inert account systems“, when E_external=const., does not have any physical background, in my opinion. First, an inert account system is pure abstraction. In addition, acceleration is of a great need when an object passes from the state of rest to the inert system. In these cases, we have: ∆E_external>0.

Thus the case of the inert system belongs to the second part of Newton’s first law, when an object is already affected by the external energy. All the processes are consistent in physics, i.e. an object moves from the state of rest to the inert system. However, we are unable to create the inert system out of nowhere and place it next to our object which is in the state of rest. That would not be considered physics anymore. Hence the state of rest is the primary point of movement of an object.

Resources:

1.I.Niuton.Philoshophae Naturalis Principia Mathematica,1687

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