Physical nature of gravitation. Physical nature of positive and negative charges. Actual physics of elementary particles.

Proton and neutron structure. Physical nature of strong and weak interactions.

© Ì. À. Gaysin

Contact to the author: giesin_murat@mail.ru

The author of the paper has introduced the consistent unified field theory. The theory has pictorial representation of the gravitation mechanism, physical meaning of positive and negative charges, strong and weak interactions, magnetic poles, etc. The author has checked some consequences of the unified field theory within the modern science in his articles: “Physical nature of rotation figures of atom’s electron shells configurations formations. Magnetic poles physical nature. Exchange energy physical nature”, “Physical nature of origin of nuclears, of green-stone belts, ancient lithospheric plates and the Earth mantle”, “The dark matter and dark energy nature. The Milky Way structure.” He has come to a conclusion that convincing platform lets state this theory.

The unified field theory is a problem that should be viewed from philosophy. New (or forgotten old) concepts of time, space, matter and continuum should be introduced to solve this problem. The weakness of the modern philosophy lets theoretical physics ignore even the level of the understanding of nature which was achieved by ancient philosophers, like Aristotle. Due to the absence of philosophical analysis of conceptual ideas, the modern theoretical physics degraded to the level of “String” theory and “Quantum chromodynamics” theory. These theories are actually based on theory of combinations. This led modern theoretical physics into a dead-end despite the strength of experimental physics.

Gravitational field definition

Thus, Newton discovered the law of gravity, but he did not give the physical representation of the gravity mechanism. There is physical representation of gravity mechanism in Einstein’s theory of relativity – it is curved space-time under the influence of matter (mass). The author analyzes and gives his point of view of the fundamental concepts of philosophy – matter, space and time which are used to define gravity in the general relativity theory.

Time, according to the author’s point of view, is a subjective feeling of being a human. This feeling is connected with the brain’s work. The consequence of events of existence fixes in memory, the changes of them a man feels as the course of time. In reality there is only matter which moves in space. Reality is not transient but the condition of reality is. Everything moves, everything changes. Reality continues to exist. Thus, according to the author’s opinion, time is not physical property but design parameter. This opinion coincides with the opinion of some ancient philosophers and some modern analysts. This conception of time is opposed to the conception of time in modern science. Taking into account the new conception of time, the gravity mechanism in general relativity theory is: curved space under the influence of matter (mass). The author submits for consideration his idea of space and matter:

Space, in the author’s point of view, is a physical object which has certain properties. First, it is the property to deform under the influence of matter. That means that every material object is in the space deformed by it. This space is called the field of gravitation of the material object. Second, space is elastic which lets it transmit at some distance the gravitational disturbance apart from the material object which caused this disturbance. The author deliberately uses the term “space” in order not to bring in the term “ether”. In the author’s point of view, the notion “ether” is redundant, since it is extra essence which was introduced unnecessarily.

Matter, according to the author’s opinion, must be differed from mass (substance). Matter – is a quantum object which has a gravity field (deformed space). The author deliberately uses the word “deformed” and not “curved” since the idea of the curved space implies the existence of the fourth dimension in our three-dimensional space. This is again the introduction of the unnecessary essence. In the general scientific sense, while summating the matter the gravity also sums up. As the author sees it, while summing up the matter, the summary gravitational field does not grow since the quantum matters of lesser sizes will be in gravitational fields of the quantum matter of the larger size. According to the author’s logic, there are no gravity forces in nature, that is why the quantum object in total can not occupy smaller sizes. The implication of the logic is that there are no black holes in nature. Such phenomenon as gravitational collapse cannot exist either. The final definition for the gravitational field is: gravitational field – is spatial domain which is deformed by quantum matter. Two quantum material objects do not interact directly, it is their gravitational fields that interact. That is why the velocity of gravitational interaction is instantaneous.

Analyzing the idea of gravitation in macrocosm, the author deliberately omitted a very important gravitation property, existence of which is not presumed in modern science. That is – the possibility of gravitational field shielding.

Gravity in microcosm. The physical nature of the positive and negative charges. Introducing the idea of gravity shielding.

How does the gravitation behave in microcosm where the main interactions are interactions of charges, strong and weak interactions, etc. The nature is common and there cannot be laws of nature in microcosm different from laws in macrocosm. That is why the author of the paper thinks it is necessary to revise fundamentally all basic concepts of the microcosm. Thus, let us examine the reason which led to development of the main microcosm theory – quantum mechanics. This reason was the impossibility to describe the electrons movement in the circuit orbit of atom from the classical mechanics’ and electrodynamics point of view because the electron was supposed to radiate electromagnetic waves, lose energy and fall on the nucleus. In 1912 the Danish physicist N. Bohr has solved this problem by defining so-called stationary orbits; moving in such orbits the electron does nor radiate energy. The radiation can take place only when the electron transfers from one orbit to another. The author agrees with the quantum mechanics up to this point. Indeed, the electron, moving in its orbit interacts with its deformed space, the resulting rotating orbit for the electron will be topological line. It follows that the electron moving in its orbit which is the topological line does not radiate electromagnetic waves. But the further conclusions of the quantum mechanics are erroneous. This was demonstrated in the author’s article “Physical nature of rotation figures of atom’s electron shells configurations formations. Magnetic poles physical nature. Exchange energy physical nature”.

As the author sees it, the radiation is not independent essence, it is quantum matter and space derivative, i.e. it is the motion of the local deformation in space. It was Aristotle who proved that it is impossible to imagine space and motion quantified. That is why the energy is not quantified on its own but due to the quantanization of matter. The author studied this problem in his article “Continuum problem solution (Continuity principle)”.

Positive charge of proton, according to the author’s point of view, is a gravitational field of the partly shielded quantum object. The answer to the question why the proton is partly gravitationally shielded will be given while studying the proton’s structure. Then another question arises: what is a negative charge? The author thinks the negative charge does not exist in nature at all. This is a cardinal statement, since for the modern nature the negative charge is a basic notion. Thus, the notions as antimatter, annihilation and positron, etc. follow from the notion “the negative charge”. According to the author’s opinion, electron is the least known quantum material object with the corresponding gravity field (positive charge). Two questions arise from this statement. Firstly, why is the electron charge equal to proton charge if their masses are nor equivalent? Secondly, why is the interaction of two so-called positive and negative charges differ from each other so radically? In order to answer these questions it is necessary to introduce the notion “gravity shielding”. It is surprising but there is no such notion macrocosm and this notion exists in microcosm but mentioned casually without special attention. This notion gives the idea of the main property of the quantum matter while interacting. The quantum material object rotating in its orbit shields partly the gravitational field of the central magnetic material object. The property of matter’s gravitational field shielding is studied by the author in his article “Physical nature of rotation figures of atom’s electron shells configurations formations. Magnetic poles physical nature. Exchange energy physical nature”. That means the negative charge is not independent property of the matter, it is the gravitational field of the shielding material object. Even as a shielding material object, the electron does not shield the proton completely, since in case of the complete shielding the hydrogen element would have been entirely chemically inert. The shielding takes place only on the equator of electron’s rotation, and the magnetic pole cones of the hydrogen atom remain not shielded. Here follows the conclusion: normal matter is practically gravitationally-shielded. Therefore, the statement by Kepler which says “If somewhere on Earth there were two stones close to each other and without the influence of any related body, these stones would tend to attract like two magnets…” is incorrect. Therefore, the whole modern cosmology which states that the Galaxies, stars and planets were formed from clouds of normal matter, is incorrect. This problem was studied by the author in detail in his articles “Physical nature of origin of nuclears, of green-stone belts, ancient lithospheric plates and the Earth mantle” and “The dark matter and dark energy nature. The Milky Way structure.” According to the author’s opinion, the galactic nuclei, cores of stars and planets are formed from quantum material objects of the corresponding sizes (levels). And the normal matter is the result of the evolution of these matter’s cores and nuclei at the micro level.

The elementary-particle physics with all the absurdity of its theoretic part, is surprisingly very transparent for understanding. Thus, the author is going to study the structure of microcosm starting with analysis of neutron and proton structures. Neutron, outside the atom’s kernel is an unstable system. During the neutron decay into proton and electron anti-neutrino is radiated:

Besides the author does not agree that neutron is an elementary particle. Therefore the author does not agree that the weak interaction is independent interaction of matter. The author thinks the weak interaction is the consequence of instability of the neutron’s structure in free state. And antineutrino does not take away a part of the neutron’s mass in the form of energy. According to the logic of the author’s theory, the formula of the total matter’s energy E = m∙c² is senseless. The phenomenon that proton’s mass is less than electron’s mass is, as the author puts it, due to the fact that while measuring the particles’ masses it is not taken into account that the neutron’s gravitational field is shielded and the proton’s gravitational field is only partly shielded. The author wants to study the neutron’s structure and proton’s structure after the Picture 1. According to modern concepts, neutron is a complex three-layered formation with the core-kernel and the double shell in the form of p-meson clouds which density reduces up to zero towards periphery. From the previous analysis, the author has come to a conclusion that the so-called upper layer – p-meson cloud is actually electron. One wonders, what is the p-meson lower cloud then? These particles were first discovered in 1947 by C.Powell in the upper atmospheric layers and were called p-mesons, or pions. Pions appear as a result of cosmic rays interaction with protons and neutrons of ionized gases, they exist for about two one hundred millionth parts of a second and then decay into muon and neutrino or antineutrino. Muons decay into muon neutrino, electron antineutrino and electron (positron).

Here comes the conclusion: actual elementary particles are only two particles: electron and core-kernel of proton. According to the author’s logic they are really elementary particles since the core-kernel of proton, as the basic gravitational object of the material world, must have adequate size of quantanization. What about the others elementary particles which were discovered by the elementary-particle physics? It is here, as the author thinks, where the lack of criticism becomes apparent. It can be easily demonstrated by the example of beta-decay of the neutron into the proton, electron and electron antineutrino (Picture 2). Neutron decay is an event which requires some period of time. This is the time of leaving the proton’s influence by electron and correspondingly radiation of the local gravitational deformation of space (antineutrino). But for some reason this process-event is called short-lived elementary part – heavy W-boson in elementary-particle physics.

Picture 2 

Here follows the conclusion: in the elementary-particle physics for some reason it is customary to define all original processes – such as decay events resulting from protons, electrons and hard electrons striking – elementary particles, although the author does not see them as such. Consequently, process-event cannot have such particles’ characteristic parameter as mass. The elementary particles being quanta of matter must be extremely stable. There exist only two such objects in nature: they are kernel-core of the proton and the electron.

The physical nature of the strong interaction is connected with the structured proton. In the schematic sketch of two protons with contradirectional spins (Picture 3), blackout areas are not shielded pole magnetic cones of proton’s rotation. And the brownout areas are partly gravitationally-shielded area of the proton’s charge by the electron. Two protons can not approach to each other since the protons spins (of rotation) form locally deformed fields around them which can not interpenetrate. 

Picture 3

Thus this does not let protons approach to each other at the distance necessary for the magnetic interaction. The magnetic interaction becomes apparent in the property of the partially gravitationally-shielded material objects to attract to each other by the poles in case gravity fields signs of rotation coincide. It is here where the neutron electron plays an important role. It shields the gravitational field of one of the protons, thereby, reducing the size of its gravitational field to the size which lets protons approach up to possible magnetic interaction. (Picture 4). 

Picture 4 Deuteron’s structure.

The experimental physics, while studying deuteron to define nucleon-nucleonic interaction properties, has detected nuclear forces dependence on interacting particles spins and mutual orientation of spin and orbital moments of nucleon (spin-orbital forces). That means that so-called strong interaction is in fact magnetic protons interaction. That is why the neutron being a part of core’s structure is unstable in free state.

Thus, the microcosm has two structured levels – protons and atoms nuclei level and atoms and molecules level. Each structured level falls into two sublevels. Each sublevel has its own basic interaction – magnetic or gravitational. Gravitational interaction – is phenomenon where two material objects of different quantization levels interact. They are core-kernel of proton and electron and correspondingly at the second structured level we come across atom’s nucleus and electron. Planetary structures are formed during gravitational interaction. Magnetic interaction is phenomenon where material objects of the same size level interact, like, proton and neutron, forming atom’s nucleus structure. Magnetic interaction also takes place at the second structured level of microcosm – magnetic interactions of atoms form molecules’ structure.

The author of the paper thinks it is necessary to bring back the conception of the unified visual and consistent picture of the universe. The author hopes that the visual physical theory of gravitation which he presented for study is the unified field theory and the basis for new physics.

Literature.

• 1. Ì. À. Gaysin “Physical nature of rotation figures of atom’s electron shells configurations formations. Magnetic poles physical nature. Exchange energy physical nature”. SciTecLibrary.ru

• 2. Ì. À. Gaysin “Physical nature of origin of nuclears, of green-stone belts, ancient lithospheric plates and the Earth mantle”. SciTecLibrary.ru

• 3. Ì. À. Gaysin “The dark matter and dark energy nature. The Milky Way structure.” SciTecLibrary.ru

• 4. Ì. À. Gaysin “The continuum problem solution (continuity principle). SciTecLibrary.ru

• 5. Paper “Modeling in elementary-particle physics ” www.fos.ru 

• 6. Wikipedia. Free encyclopedia. Internet.

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