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Technology Database Technologies of salvaging NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSING AND DESTROYING INDUSTRIAL WASTES AND GARBAGE
New
Technologies for Processing and Destroying Industrial Wastes and Garbage
The process of super-diabatic combustion
discovered in Russia allowed for the realization of the latest and most
environmentally sound technology of incinerating industrial wastes and garbage.
During the first stage,
gasification of solid and liquid wastes is produced in the reactor in the
super-diabatic mode. The resulting product is a gas containing carbon monoxide,
hydrogen and carbon hydrides as combustible components. When wastes including
complex organic compounds are processed the resulting gas product, besides
hydrogen, carbon oxide and monoxide, etc., contains aerosol of very fine
hydrocarbon or resin drops whose composition is determined by the nature of
processed raw materials. The gas product is removed from the gasificator at the
temperature of 100° to 300°C and passes through a high temperature (900° to
1,500°C for various technological options) zone having a high oxygen content,
and after that it does not actually have any unburned carbon and organic
remnants. Low linear speeds of gas flows inside the gasificator, availability of
a dense layer of batch mixture and absence of preliminary grinding lead to a
complete absence of solid dust particles in the gas product. Gasification is
performed under a pressure close to atmospheric pressure.
When the aerosol contains
products of independent value (e.g. hydrocarbons resulting from processing oil
wastes, isoprene oligomers when processing caoutchouc, car tires, etc.) they are
separated before secondary combustion.
The resulting gas product is
burned in known devices (gas turbines, unit boilers) to produce heat or electric
power. Merits of the proposed technologies resulting from use of super-diabatic
modes:
- High-energy efficiency reaching 95% at the
gasification stage with absence of external energy sources.
- Possibility to process solid and liquid ash-rich
and high-moisture wastes which either burn poorly in other devices or leave
after burning much soot and other products of incomplete combustion. Thus, for
example, coal-containing rocks having ash content of up to 90% to 95% or
organic materials with moisture content of up to 60% to 80% may be transformed
into gas in the super-diabatic mode with high-energy efficiency.
- Relative simplicity and inexpensive cost. The
gasificator is a pit furnace.
- Process is environmentally sound: complete
combustion, absence of soot, carcinogens and other toxic substances, absence
of dust in smoke gases, etc.
- Relative simplicity of preparing raw materials.
The fine crushing and grinding stage is absent.
The following technologies for
processing have now been developed:
- ash-rich coals, coal-containing rocks, resulting
during shaft sinking and quarry stripping, coal-cleaning, cinder and ash
residual at power stations, boilers, etc. Variants of technologies are
possible, producing ash after the gasificator, possessing cementing properties
(for example, cement, grade 200);
- old tires, wastes from tire-making and rubber
industries, resulting in production, besides oligomer power, of zinc oxide and
metal;
- wastes of oil-producing industry and refineries
including earth and stones spilled with oil, resulting in return of a part of
the hydrocarbons;
- industrial oils, not subject to regeneration;
- garbage, hospital and specific industrial wastes,
containing substantial quantities of organic compounds (including toxic ones).
The periodic or permanent process
can be implemented both in a stationary and a movable option.
Source: SciTecLibrary.ru
Publishing date: October 26, 2000
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